Review on Tunnel Construction Method and Environmental Impact

unnel construction has become more common as the number of road projects in Malaysia increased. The impacts on environment and safety users are significant concerns during tunnel construction. This research aims to determine technologies, environmental impacts, best practices study was carried out by scoping literature. starts with identifying most relevant search keywords then examines articles using quantitative qualitative techniques. four types discovered cut cover, bore or mine tunneling, soft surface tunnelling, hard rock tunnelling. Tunnels significantly impact through various sources such generation waste material, sludge generation, wastewater noise vibration. As a fundamental matter, one important things consider any project is comprehensive examination suitability soil, surface, geology, hydrology prior development. Environmental assessment should be done identify appropriate mitigation measures. identifies five recommended for building that can adopted sustainably. first detailed investigation rock, hydrological geology. It ensure techniques approach implemented. second, an need before project's implementation. third choose available option method considering cost effective. fourth initiating stakeholder consultation people will affected informed. fifth continues monitoring closely monitor before, after